Vol. 8, Issue 1, Part A (2026)

The temple architecture of India, a confluence of spirituality, artistry and regional diversity, reflects the collaborative efforts of multiple societal segments. Among these contributors, ancient tribal communities hold a significant yet often overlooked position. This study explores the multifaceted role of tribes in temple architecture, focusing on their participation in resource management, construction techniques and artistic contributions. With expertise in quarrying, woodwork and metal craft, tribal artisans played an essential role in the material and structural foundations of temples. Their motifs inspired by nature, mythology and everyday life, enriched temple iconography, bridging the tribal animism with Vedic traditions.
This article also delves into specific case studies, such as the Sun Temple in Konark, the Jagannath Temple in Puri, Temples in Tamil Nadu and Chhattisgarh, to highlight tangible evidence of tribal involvement. Despite their invaluable contributions, the role of tribes’ remains under represented due to the lack of documentation and historical marginalization. The paper underscores the importance of recognizing and preserving these contributions through archaeological studies, ethnographic research and inclusive cultural heritage programmes.
By shedding light on the participation of ancient tribes, this study broadens the understanding of Indian temple architecture, emphasizing the collective spirit that defines these sacred structures.