Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part B (2025)

The declining status of women remains a glaring contradiction in any society claiming to be civilised. Despite notable progress in women's empowerment worldwide in the 21st century, patriarchal mindsets, ongoing subjugation, and rising crimes against women continue to tarnish the image of developed and civilised nations. It is an undeniable truth that the history of human civilisation begins with women—carriers of life, nurturers of generations, and guardians of humanity’s future. Yet, the credit for societal progress and achievement is often claimed by men, whose privileges are frequently justified and upheld under the guise of masculinity, valour, and power. When examining any piece of literature—across cultures and periods, whether Asian or European, ancient or modern—it often captures readers through the lens of its female characters. These narratives frequently centre on their suffering, exploitation, resilience, and silent or overt rebellion against the traditions and injustices imposed by patriarchal structures.
This research paper explores, re-evaluates, and critically interprets the status of women in ancient India as depicted in The Mahabharata. As literature mirrors the life and ethos of a society, the great epic by Ved Vyasa stands as a monumental work that embodies India’s cultural and historical consciousness. Through its rich tapestry of female characters—fearless, complex, and deeply human—the Mahabharata provides profound insights into the realities of women’s lives in ancient Indian society. This study aims to uncover the layers of agency, resistance, and subjugation experienced by these women and reflect on how their stories continue to resonate in contemporary gender discourse.