Vol. 3, Issue 1, Part A (2021)

The History of the interaction and confrontation of the ancient Iranians with the Greeks and the Hellenic culture dates back to the time of the Achaemenid rule. This interaction gradually became darker and more serious and pitted the two sides against each other, leading to the attack of Alexander III and the collapse of the political regime in Iran. The Greek Seleucids, as part of Alexander's successors, took control of a large part of the Iranian plateau and implemented their culture heavily in the areas under their control. But neither their rule lasted long nor their culture could completely replace the ancient culture and traditions of ancient Iran, and the Iranians took over again. There are various factors involved in this phenomenon, both political and military, as well as social and cultural issues that led to the decline of the foundations of Hellenic culture and system in ancient Iran. This article tries to deal with the contexts, events and results of these factors with an analytical and theoretical approach and with emphasis on historical findings and with a comprehensive view and achieve the desired results in general.